Redefinition of Heptapterus (Heptapteridae) and description of Heptapterus carmelitanorum, a new species from the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil

A new diagnosis and a classification of Heptapterus are provided species, H. carmelitanorum , is described. diagnosed by the following character combination: adipose fin confluent with caudal fin; non-bifurcate anal-fin insertion posterior to vertical through adipose-fin insertion; 10–23 rays; anal not extremely elongate body, head length 16.1–24.9%SL. Species included in borodini carnatus exilis hollandi mandimbusu mbya mustelinus ornaticeps qenqo . Some states diagnosing among its congeners less than one eye diameter (vs. more all congeners); isognathous mouth slightly moderately retrognathous, except ); keel formed ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays shallow, far from reaching base deep, continuing almost base, ).